Nkhani
0102030405
Zinayi zazikulu zomwe zikuchitika pakupanga ukadaulo wa DCS control system mtsogolo
2023-12-08
Dongosolo la DCS ndi njira yayikulu yodziwongolera yokha kupatula PLC. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makampani opanga mankhwala, mphamvu zamatenthedwe ndi zina. Komabe, kufunikira kwaukadaulo wama automation pakupanga kwasinthidwanso. Dongosolo lachikhalidwe la DCS silingathenso kukwaniritsa zosowa ndipo likufunika kukwezedwa. Dongosolo la DCS ndi njira yodziwongolera yokha yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito makompyuta angapo kuwongolera malupu angapo popanga, ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo imatha kupeza deta, kuyang'anira pakati ndikuwongolera pakati. Dongosolo lowongolera logawidwa limagwiritsa ntchito ma microprocessors kuti aziwongolera dera lililonse padera, ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito makompyuta ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati owongolera mafakitale kapena ma microprocessors apamwamba kwambiri kuti agwiritse ntchito kuwongolera kwapamwamba. Pambuyo pakugwiritsa ntchito mosalekeza pazaka zambiri, zolepheretsa zina zakukula kwa dongosolo la DCS mumakampani zimawonekera pang'onopang'ono. Mavuto a DCS ndi awa: (1) 1 mpaka 1 dongosolo. Chida chimodzi, mizere iwiri yotumizira, imatumiza chizindikiro kunjira imodzi. Kapangidwe kameneka kamayambitsa mawaya ovuta, nthawi yayitali yomanga, kukwera mtengo kwa unsembe komanso kukonza zovuta. (2) Kusadalirika. Kutumiza kwa siginecha ya analogi sikungotsika molondola, komanso kumakhala kosavuta kusokoneza. Choncho, njira zosiyanasiyana zimatengedwa kuti zikhale zolondola zotsutsana ndi kusokoneza ndi kufalitsa, ndipo zotsatira zake ndi kuwonjezeka kwa mtengo. (3) Zalephera kulamulira. M'chipinda chowongolera, wogwiritsa ntchito sangathe kumvetsetsa momwe chida cha analogi cham'munda chimagwirira ntchito, kapena kusintha magawo ake, kapena kulosera za ngozi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti wogwiritsa ntchitoyo asakhale ndi mphamvu. Si zachilendo kuti ogwira ntchito apeze zolakwika za zida zam'munda munthawi yake. (4) Kusamvana bwino. Ngakhale zida za analogi zagwirizanitsa chizindikiro cha 4 ~ 20mA, zambiri mwazinthu zamakono zimatsimikiziridwa ndi wopanga, zomwe zimapangitsa zida zamitundu yosiyanasiyana sizingasinthidwe. Zotsatira zake, ogwiritsa ntchito amadalira opanga, osatha kugwiritsa ntchito zida zofananira ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino komanso chiŵerengero cha mtengo, komanso ngakhale momwe opanga amalamulira msika. njira yachitukuko Kukula kwa DCS kwakhala kokhwima komanso kothandiza. Palibe kukayikira kuti akadali odziwika kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito ndi kusankha kwa makina opangira mafakitale pakali pano. Sichidzachoka nthawi yomweyo pagawo la kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka ntchito ndi kutuluka kwa teknoloji ya fieldbus. Poyang'anizana ndi zovuta, DCS ipitiliza kupanga njira zotsatirazi: (1) Kupititsa patsogolo kumayendedwe athunthu: kukhazikitsidwa kwa maulalo olumikizirana a data ndi maukonde olumikizirana kudzapanga dongosolo lalikulu la zida zowongolera mafakitale monga owongolera osakwatiwa (ambiri) ozungulira, PLC, PC yamakampani, NC, ndi zina zambiri kuti akwaniritse zofunikira. za automation ya fakitale ndikusintha kuti zigwirizane ndi chizolowezi chotseguka. (2) Kupititsa patsogolo nzeru: kupititsa patsogolo kachitidwe kameneka, kulingalira ntchito, ndi zina zotero, makamaka kugwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso choyambira (KBS) ndi dongosolo la akatswiri (ES), monga kudziletsa kuphunzira, kufufuza kutali, kudzikonza, etc., AI idzazindikirika pamagulu onse a DCS. Zofanana ndi FF fieldbus, zida zanzeru zochokera ku microprocessor monga I / O, PID controller, sensor, transmitter, actuator, mawonekedwe a makina a anthu, ndi PLC zatulukira. (3) PCS mafakitale PC: Zakhala chizolowezi chachikulu kupanga DCS ndi IPC. PC yakhala malo opangira ntchito wamba kapena makina a node a DCS. PC-PLC, PC-STD, PC-NC, etc. ndi apainiya a PC-DCS. IPC yakhala nsanja ya hardware ya DCS. (4) Katswiri wa DCS: Kuti apange DCS kuti ikhale yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo osiyanasiyana, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa bwino njira ndi zofunikira zogwiritsira ntchito maphunziro ofanana, kuti apange pang'onopang'ono monga mphamvu ya nyukiliya DCS, substation DCS, galasi. DCS, simenti DCS, etc.